This paper examines the role of micro–meso linkages in shaping the adoption and retention of distributed renewable energy (DRE) systems in Bangladesh. Despite early success in technologies such as solar home systems, rooftop solar, and solar irrigation pumps, recent trends show stagnation in adoption and significant challenges in long-term usage. Using a mixed-method approach that combines national-level data, field observations, and key informant interviews, the study analyzes interactions between micro-level users (households, farmers, and firms) and meso-level institutions (such as IDCOL, utilities, and NGOs). The findings highlight that weak incentive alignment, limited feedback mechanisms, and an installation-centric approach have constrained the sustainability of DRE systems. While meso-level actors are primarily driven by financial and institutional targets, micro-level adoption is shaped by heterogeneous needs, financing constraints, and changing preferences, particularly with grid expansion. The study concludes that strengthening feedback loops, redesigning incentives, and improving coordination between micro and meso actors are essential to accelerate adoption and ensure long-term sustainability of DRE in Bangladesh.

Authors: Atikuzzaman Shazeed, Sami Mohammed, Khondaker Golam Moazzem
Publication Period: May 2026